The common trend of saltation particles on the surface of fast-rotating asteroids

An asteroid spun up to its critical limit has unique surface mechanical properties that gravity and the centrifugal force largely balance, creating a relaxation environment where low-energy events such as mass shedding may trigger subsequent long complex motion of an asteroid's regolith grains. Exploring evolution process provide key clues for understanding early formation multi-asteroid systems. This paper investigates loose particles becoming triggered by dependency their dynamical propagation on contact surface. We present numerical model tracking trajectory shed particle considers collision between asteroid. Monte Carlo simulations are performed reflect statistical behavior particles. also introduce zero-velocity surfaces our data-based analysis in order reveal intrinsic invariance evolutionary processes. used average energy cloud check connection property temporal-spatial distribution sketch common path vicinity fast-rotating asteroid, is, dislodged from unstable region will eventually enter, through several collisions with surface, non-return orbits launch minimum geopotential area region. The trend is independent any particular morphology, all enter same path. find orbital statistically property, meaning coefficient restitution nonsensitive parameter outward spreading